What are the commonly used optical crystal materials?

Commonly used optical crystal materials cover a wide range of functions and applications. The following are some typical optical crystal materials and their main uses: Nonlinear optical crystals: *Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) : Used for frequency doubling (e.g. NdFrequency doubling of laser). *Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) : Used for frequency doubling and

Commonly used optical crystal materials cover a wide range of functions and applications. The following are some typical optical crystal materials and their main uses:

Nonlinear optical crystals:
*Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) : Used for frequency doubling (e.g. NdFrequency doubling of laser).
*Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) : Used for frequency doubling and parametric oscillation.
*Barium β-borate (BBO) : Used for frequency doubling, frequency tripling, frequency quadrupling and parametric amplification.

*Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) : Used for electro-optical modulation, frequency doubling and optical parametric oscillation.

Laser crystal:
*Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd) : widely used in solid-state lasers.
*Neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd) : Used in high efficiency lasers.
*Titanium sapphire (Ti) : For tunable and ultrafast lasers.
*Erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er) : used in medical lasers.
*Ytterbium-doped Yttrium aluminum garnet (Yb) : Used in high power lasers.

Photoelectric crystal:
*Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) : Used for electro-optic modulation and acousto-optic modulation.
*Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) : Used in electro-optic and acousto-optic devices.

Acousto-optic crystal:
*Gallium iodate (GaIO3) : used in acousto-optic modulators.
*Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) : Used in acousto-optic switches.

Crystal for optical fiber:
*Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) : Used in fiber amplifiers.
*Ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) : For high power fiber lasers.

Ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet crystals:
*Calcium fluoride (CaF2) : Used in ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet optical systems.
*Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) : used in ultraviolet optical components.

Magneto-optical crystals:
*Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) : Used in optical isolators.
*Terbium gallium garnet (TGG) : Used in high power optical isolators.

Scintillation crystal:
*Sodium iodide (NaI) : Used in radiation detectors.
*Bismuth germanate (BGO) : Used in medical imaging and high energy physics detection.

Semiconductor crystal:
*Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) : Used in X-ray and gamma-ray detectors.
*Cadmium telluride (CdTe) : Used in photodetectors.

Birefringent crystal:
*Barium molybdate (BBO) : Used in wave plates and polarizing optics.
*Barium titanate (BTO) : Used in wave plates and polarization controllers.

Biomedical optical crystals:
*Calcium fluorophosphate (FAP) : for biological imaging.
*Lithium fluorophosphate (LiCAF) : Used in optical tomography (OCT).

These optical crystal materials play a key role in modern optical technology, supporting applications and developments in fields ranging from laser technology to communications technology to medical imaging.

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